Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
84471 => 8 4 4 7 1
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
8 to 4 = 4
4 to 4 = 0
4 to 7 = 3
7 to 1 = 6
1 to 8 = 7
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
4 0 3 6 7 = 40367