Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
53107 => 5 3 1 0 7
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 3 = 2
3 to 1 = 2
1 to 0 = 1
0 to 7 = 7
7 to 5 = 2
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
2 2 1 7 2 = 22172