Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
52984 => 5 2 9 8 4
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 2 = 3
2 to 9 = 7
9 to 8 = 1
8 to 4 = 4
4 to 5 = 1
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
3 7 1 4 1 = 37141