Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
57459 => 5 7 4 5 9
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 7 = 2
7 to 4 = 3
4 to 5 = 1
5 to 9 = 4
9 to 5 = 4
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
2 3 1 4 4 = 23144