Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
5097 => 5 0 9 7
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 0 = 5
0 to 9 = 9
9 to 7 = 2
7 to 5 = 2
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
5 9 2 2 = 5922