Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
54402 => 5 4 4 0 2
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 4 => 1
4 to 4 => 0
4 to 0 => 4
0 to 2 => 2
2 to 5 => 3
Step 3: Convert distances to codes (0=E[qual],
1 & 9 = C[onsecutive], 2-8 = N[one]):
1 => C
0 => E
4 => N
2 => N
3 => N
Step 4: Combine the filters to a string:
C E N N N = CENNN